高考英语语法精讲与精练 第十一章 名词性从句

第十一章 名词性从句精讲与精练 一、名词性从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词 I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came in

第十一章 名词性从句精讲与精练

一、名词性从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词

I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew [1] _______ he was. We wondered [2] ________ he was so hungry. We were surprised [3]_______ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted [4]________ the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked [5]_________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see [6]_________ he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements [7]__________ it was genuine(adj. 真实的，真正的). Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued (发行，发布) by the Bank of England this year. He thought [8]________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake. [9]__________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe [10]___________ excited I was.

Keys: 1.who 2.why 3.that 4.whether/if 5.whether/if 6.that 7.whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.how

二、名词性从句考点精讲：

名词性从句考点1、名词性从句的判定（判断下列句子中的从句是主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句还是同位语从句）

1.We didn't know whether or not she was ready。

2. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

3. China is not what it used to be.中国已不是过去的中国了。

4. The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

结论：_____________________________________________________________

名词性从句考点2、名词性从句的引导词

连接词

含义

在从句中的成分

that

无含义

不做成分

Whether

是否

不做成分

if

是否

不做成分

As though

好像，似乎

不做成分

As if

好像，似乎

不做成分

What

(1)什么（2）所…的(东西,地方,人,话…) (3)多么…!

主、宾、表

Who

谁

主、宾、表

Whom

谁

宾

which

哪一个、哪一些

主、宾、表

when

什么时候

时间状语

where

什么地方

地点状语

why

为什么

原因状语

how

(1)怎么样，如何(2)多么

方式状语

how many

多少（+可数名词）

how much

多少（+可数名词）

how often

多久一次（问频率）

状语

How soon

多久以后

状语

Whatever

…的一切；无论什么

主、宾、表

whichever

…中的任何一个；无论哪一个

主、宾、表

whoever

…中的任何一个人；无论谁

主、宾、表

whomever

…中的任何一个人；无论谁

注意：用什么连接词连接从句主要看含义，同时分析句子成分帮助解题。

名词性从句考点3、名词性从句的常必考点

1、what与that的用法

①what（什么，所…..的人/物/东西，多么）可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句可作介词宾语)，表“所…..的人/物/东西”时，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which引导的定语从句”；另外what不能引导定语从句。

EG1:What he said was a fact.

EG2:What is needed is a good text book.

EG3:He is no longer what he used to be.

②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，没有含义，不充当成分。

如：That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.

[注]介词后不接that从句，除了in that...和except that...之外。

that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省。

考点对练1：完成下列句子：

①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.

＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be.

②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen.

③They arrived in ________ was once a school.

＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school.

④Don't care ________ others think about you.

⑤Do you know ________ they do with waste paper?

⑥_______the famous singer will come to our school next week excites all of us.

【答案】①what；that　②that；what　③what；that/which④what　⑤what ⑥.that

2、“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”的用法

“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可引导让步状从；但是“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。

考点对练2：完成下列句子：

①________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.

②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said.

________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.

③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest.

________ comes，you mustn't open the door.

④As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.

【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/No matter who　:②whatever；Whatever/No matter what

③whoever；Whoever/No matter who　④whichever

3、if与whether的用法

1). if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if：

①强调两方面的选择，特别是whether后紧跟or not时。如：

Let me know whether or not you can come.

②宾语从句前置时。如：Whether this is true，I can't say.

③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)

The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)

The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)

④在介词之后作宾语时。如：

Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.

⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如：Whether to go or stay is still a question.

[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论” 之意。

如：If you ask him，he will help you.

Whether he comes in time or late，we will begin our party on time.

考点对练3-1：单句改错

①He treated all the people around him, if he knew or he didn't know.

②You have not yet answered my question if or not I can join in the party tonight.

③Whether you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me.

2). whether和that的区别：that表示事实，而whether 表示疑问。

考点对练3-2：完成下列句子：

①________ they are twins is clear. — ________ they are twins is not clear.

②There is a question/an argument ____________ we have enough time to do it.

③The problem is ________ he is poor at English.

—The problem is ________ he can improve his English.

【答案】①That；Whether　②whether　③that；how/whether

4、同位语从句和定语从句

1)①同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词 that, which, when. where, why, how, whether, what等，引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope， thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，doubt，truth，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

②定语从句是修饰或限定前面的名词。

EG1: The news that we won the game excited us.

EG2: The news that our English teacher told us excited us.

2)两种从句中that的用法：定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

考点对练4：完成下列句子：

①The news ________ he told us excited us.

The news ________ our team won the game excited us.

②The fact ________ he collected was surprising.

The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising.

③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game.

＝________ are that he will lose the game.

④Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

【答案】①that/which/不填；that　②that/which/不填；that　③that；Chances　④that

5、It is...和There is...

It is...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而There is意为“有……”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。

考点对练5：用it，there填空：

①________ is a pity that he was absent.

②________ is a fact that he has lied to you.

③________is no wonder that he is so excited.

④________ is no need to worry about it.

⑤____is no sense/point (in) arguing with him.

⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone.

【答案】①It　②It　③It　④There　⑤There　⑥There

6、表语从句中的常见句型

常用的句型有：

①The reason is that......；含义为“原因是......”；that后接是reason的具体内容。常与定语从句同时考，构成句型：The reason why..... is that......, 此句型中why引导的是定语从句，而that引导的是表语从句。一定记住reason后的表语从句用that引导，而不是because。

②It is because......；含义为“它是因为......”，because后接的是“it”发生的原因。

③That's why......；含义为“那就是为什么......”，why后接的是“that”导致的结果。

④That's where......; 含义为“那就是......的地方”。

考点对练6：完成下列句子：

①The reason ______ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill.

＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school.

＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.

②The reason ____ he gave was ___ he was caught in the traffic jam.

The reason ________he didn’t come to school today was _________ he was ill.

③That's ____ the problem lies.

That's _______the problem lies in.

【答案】①why；that；why；because　②which/that/不填, that; why, that ③ where；what

三、名词性从句应考技巧：

1、在语法填空题中，如果空格在句子的开头，则需考虑用连词，再根据句子结构判断属于什么从句，再根据含义及从句的特征判断用哪一个连词。

2、在语法改错题中，主要关注从句与主句之间的逻辑关系，再者注意常考的连词的用法是否准确，如：although/though不与but连用，but与and的误用，because不与so连用，that与which的用法，what与that的用法等。

四、名词性从句考点精练

(一)单句语法填空

1.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.

Key:what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。

2.【2020?浙江高考】Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on57　could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

Key: what。【解析】考查名词性从句。what could be hunted or gathered from the wild是what引导的宾语从句,作depend on的宾语。what是连接代词,表示“……东西”,在宾语从句中作主语。

3.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence61　they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

Key: that 解析】that。考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子可知,同位语从句结构意义完整,解释说明evidence的内容,只缺少连接词,故填that。

4.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8　they go.

Key：where 【解析】考查名词性从句中的连接词。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里更重要。句中go是不及物动词,接副词作状语,表示“他们未来走向何方”,故填where，在介词than 后跟宾语从句；与What students do at college进行对比。

5.【2021.3 天津卷单项选择改编】What puzzles Lily's friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.

Key: why 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。分析成分结构句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故填：why。

6.【2020江苏高考真题改编】It is not a problem _____ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.

Key: whether【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故填whether。

7.【2020天津高考真题改编】The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.

Key: what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。

8.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空改编】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

Key：that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，故用that引导同位语从句。

9.【2018·天津·单项填空改编】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

Key：whoever【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，空格处做be awarded to的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用whoever, 表示“任何人，无论谁”。

10.【2018·江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.

Key: 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故填how。

11.【2018·全国III】I'm not sure _______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Key: which

22.【2015全国II】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. Key:how

23.【2014年广东卷】I didn’t understand _______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation. Key:why

24.【2012年广东卷】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ___________ the boy would do.Key:what

25．【2015·江苏卷】________Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.

解析：句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句，where在主语从句中作地点状语。

答案：Where

26．【2015·浙江卷】If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate________is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.

解析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查水下有什么东西。(因为)经常会有些岩石或树枝暗藏在水里。动词investigate后的宾语从句中缺少主语，故填what。

答案：what

27．【2015·重庆卷】We must find out________Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.

解析：句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来，为的是我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句，根据句意填when。

答案：when

28．【2015·安徽卷】A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not________ ships are built for.

解析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。

答案：what

29．【2015·福建卷】—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

—By working out every day.

解析：句意：——我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。——通过每天锻炼。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词how是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式提问的，故用how。

答案：how

30．【2015·湖南卷】You have to know________you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

解析：句意：如果你要计划到达那里的最佳路线，你就必须知道你要去哪儿。根据句意可知，此处应用where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。

答案：where

31．【2015·陕西卷】Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

解析：句意：读完了她的自传后，我对Doris Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以填what。

答案：what

32．【2014·山东卷】It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

解析：句意：我们很难想象古代奴隶们的生活是什么样子的。根据分析可知在该空引导的宾语从句中介词like后面缺少宾语且设空处表示“事物”，所以填what，用来引导宾语从句。

答案：what

33．【2014·重庆卷】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.

解析：句意：——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会，这是真的吗？——是的，但是我不知道他为什么会这样做，那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。

答案：why

34．【2014·四川卷】Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.”

解析：句意：奶奶指着那家医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知该空应该填表示地点的连接词引导表语从句，故填where。

答案：where

(二)单句语法改错

1.【2020·全国卷II】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.

Key: what→which 考查非限制性定语从句引导词和名词性从句引导词的的用法。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which；注意：。What 不能引导定语从句。

2.【2020·全国卷III】 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.

Key:what→that 【解析】考查定语从句引导词和名词性从句引导词的的用法。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。

3.【2018·全国卷I I】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

Key：where→when考查宾语从句的连接词与时间状语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。where I was a child并不是宾语从句连接词也不是表示地点，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。

4.【2018·全国III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. Key:划掉that

5.【2016·全新课标I】My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Key:that→where

6.【2016·全新课标II】My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. Key:how→what

7.【2015·全国II】After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Key:where→that

8. If he is fit for the job is unknown to all. Key:If→whether

9. This is clear that it is much colder today than yesterday. Key:This→It

10. That he told us at the gate was quite interesting.Key:That→what

11. I don’t doubt whether he will come in time. Key:whether→that

12. It depends on if we have enough money. Key: if→whether

13. The reason why they were always poor was which they paid little attention to education. Key: which→that

14. It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. Key: what→that

15. We express the hope which the Browns would come to China again.

Key:which→that

16.I know nothing about the accident except that I read in the newspaper.

Key:tha→what

17. The town is quite different from as it was 3 years ago. Key:as→what

18.If this is true or not, I really don’t know. Key: If→whether.

19.What I have been admitted into the Beijing University excited me.

Key:what→that

20.【2013全国II】But before long they began to see which was happening.

Key: which→what

(二)名词性从句语篇填空训练

Yesterday we went camping at the foot of the mountain. [1]________impressed us most was the beauty of the high mountain. There were a great many tourists visiting the mountain. There was no doubt [2]________they were attracted by the beauty of the mountain as well. During the camp, we found some waste thrown away by the tourists. [3]_________we were concerned about was [4]__________the tourist spot could be well reserved. We came up with an idea [5]________we called for the tourists to pay attention to protecting the environment and [6]_________they should put away the waste. That’s [7]_____________we did to protect the environment. Some of the tourists agreed [8]________it was important to protect the environment. [9]_________we can live in harmony with nature depends on [10]__________we take action to reduce the pollution.

Keys:1.what 2.that 3.what 4.whether 5.that 6.that 7.what 8.that 9.whether 10whether

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