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By setting up an organization that is legally and financially independent-a limited company – business owners can limit their level of risk, as personal assets are largely protected. 通过建立一个法律上和财务上独立的组织—

By setting up an organization that is legally and financially independent-a limited company – business owners can limit their level of risk, as personal assets are largely protected.

通过建立一个法律上和财务上独立的组织——有限公司——企业主可以限制他们的风险水平，因为个人资产在很大程度上受到保护。

How it works 它是如何工作的

A limited company is more complex than the simpler business entities of sole trader and partnership, as a limited company is a self-contained legal entity.

有限公司比单一贸易商和合伙企业的简单商业实体更复杂，因为有限公司是一个独立的法律实体。

Its owners have to formally register, or incorporate, the company.

其所有者必须正式注册或组建公司。

They typically invest their own money to set the company up; they are issued with shares in it and take on legal responsibility for running the business.

他们通常自己投资成立公司；他们发行股票，承担经营企业的法律责任。

The company retains any profit and distributes part of it to the owners-the shareholders-as dividend payments.

公司保留任何利润，并将其一部分作为股息分配给所有者——股东。

Company regulations place restrictions on the number of shareholders and the sale of shares.

公司条例对股东人数和股票出售进行了限制。

Legally, the shareholders cannot be held fully liable for company debts.

从法律上讲，股东不能对公司债务承担全部责任。

重点词汇

financially经济上；财政上；金融上

limited company有限责任公司

level of risk风险水平；风险程度；风险级别

simpler简单的；单纯的；天真的；轻便的；（simple的比较级）

sole trader个体户；独资经营者；个体

self-contained完整的；一应俱全的；持重的；有主见的；带厨卫设施的

legal entity法人组织；法律实体；法人实体

retains保持；记住；雇用；挡住；聘请（律师）；（retain的第三人称单数）

distributes分配；把…分类；分销；散布；散发；撒；拨；（distribute的第三人称单数）

dividend红利；分红；股利；被除数；收益；回报；几人（如足球彩票中彩者、公司成员或破产企业债权人）平分的钱款；个人分红份额

Types of limited company

有限公司的类型

Limited companies can be privately owned or go public, usually to attract more investment.

有限公司可以是私有的，也可以上市，通常是为了吸引更多的投资。

Most limited companies are private ones limited by shares.

大多数有限公司是股份有限的私人公司。

It is possible, but rare, to own a private unlimited company, in which directors or shareholders are liable for all debts if the business does not stay in profit.

拥有一家私人无限公司是可能的，但很少，在这种公司中，如果企业不盈利，董事或股东就要对所有债务负责。

In the UK, private limited companies must by law have the abbreviation “Ltd” after their name, while public limited company names have to end in “PLC/plc” .

在英国，根据法律，私人有限公司的名称后面必须有缩写“Ltd”，而公共有限公司的名称必须以“PLC/plc”结尾。

重点词汇

limited company有限责任公司

privately owned私有的；民营的

go public公之于世, 公开(秘密等)；成为上市公司

unlimited无限量的；无限制的；无尽的；无限责任的；无限解的

liable for承担责任；负责；负责承担

debts债务；义务；罪；恩情；（debt的复数）

stay in留在；呆在；逗留

abbreviation缩略语；缩略

public limited company公共股份有限公司

end in以...为结束, 以…结尾, 以…告终

NEED TO KNOW需要知道

Members 成员

People or institutions that own shares in a company; directors may own shares but are not compelled to do so; also known as subscribers拥有公司股份的人或机构；董事可以拥有股份，但不是被迫这样做；也称为订户

Doing business as (DBA)做生意

Operational rather than registered company name 运营而非注册公司名称

Professional corporation (PC)专业公司

Corporate form used in the US and suitable for doctors, lawyers, and similar professional service providers 美国使用的公司形式，适用于医生、律师和类似的专业服务提供商

重点词汇

directors董事；导演；主管；负责人；（director的复数）

compelled强迫；（compel的过去式）

to do so这样的话

subscribers用户；订阅者；（subscriber的复数）

doing business经商；做生意；开展业务

company name公司名称；单位名称；企业名称

doctors医生；大夫；博士；（doctor的复数）；篡改；伪造；给…看病；（doctor的第三人称单数）

lawyers律师；法学家；爱发牢骚的人；（lawyer的复数）

professional service专业服务；专业的服务；专业化服务

providers供应者；提供者；养家者；（provider的复数）

Limited company 有限公司

Limited companies come in various forms, but all operate as entities that are legally and financially independent from their owners.

有限公司有各种各样的形式，但都是独立于所有者的法律和财务实体。

56.5% of UK limited companies have employees; the remaining 43.5% are single-member companies (SMCs)

56.5%的英国有限公司有员工；其余43.5%是单一成员公司

LIMITED COMPANIES IN THE US美国的有限公司

The names given to limited business entities differ from country to country.

有限商业实体的名称因国家而异。

In the US, a limited company ends with Corp. or Inc. (short for Corporation or Incorporated), the US equivalent of Ltd in the UK.

在美国，有限公司以公司或股份有限公司(公司或股份有限公司的简称)结尾，在美国相当于英国的有限公司。

There are variations from state to state, and a company name is only protected in the state where it is registered.

州与州之间存在差异，公司名称仅在其注册地受到保护。

重点词汇

limited company有限责任公司

come in加入, 参加；卷入；在赛跑中得名次；定期被挣得；开始讲话；上涨；泛滥；有用, 起作用

legally合法地；法律上

financially经济上；财政上；金融上

differ from不同于；区别于；有别于

ends端；目的；最后部分；终止；（end的复数）；结束；终止(end的第三人称单数）

short for…的简称

incorporated公司的；社团的

variations变种；变化；变异；变奏曲；（variation的复数）

company name公司名称；单位名称；企业名称

Public company 上市公司

A public limited company (plc) is typically a large business, such as a supermarket chain or manufacturer of a well-known brand.

公共有限公司(plc)通常是大型企业，例如连锁超市或知名品牌的制造商。

Its shares are traded on a stock exchange.

它的股票在证券交易所交易。

Limited by shares:股份有限公司:

Most common form of public limited company 最常见的上市有限公司形式

Must have at least one shareholder; no maximum必须至少有一个股东；没有最大值

Shares issued to shareholders, who are owners and have certain rights向股东发行的股份，股东是所有者，拥有一定的权利

Profits distributed to shareholders as dividends作为股息分配给股东的利润

Liability limited to value of shares限于股份价值的责任

Used by profit-making organizations营利组织使用

重点词汇

public company公开招股公司；上市公司

public limited company公共股份有限公司

large business大企业

supermarket chain连锁超市；超市连锁；超市连锁店

traded交易；交换；做生意；（trade的过去式和过去分词）

stock exchange证券市场；证券交易所；证券交易价格

limited company有限责任公司

shareholder股东

dividends股息；红利；被除数；（dividend的复数）

profit-making营利的，盈利的，赚钱的；有利可图的

Private company 私人公司

Single-member company (SMC):Small company owned by one person 一人公司:一个人拥有的小公司

Company with employees:  Larger company that employs one or more people有员工的公司:雇佣一名或多名员工的较大公司

Limited by shares：股份有限公司:

Most common form of private limited company; operates in a similar way to public limited company 最常见的私人有限公司形式；以类似于公众有限公司的方式运作

Limited by guarantee：受担保限制:

No shares issued; has members not shareholders 未发行股票；成员不是股东

Members guarantee debt up to a nominal fixed amount; no profits distributed 成员保证债务不超过名义固定金额；没有利润分配

Used by clubs, charities, and community enterprises; may be known as a Community Interest Company 俱乐部、慈善机构和社区企业使用；可能被称为社区利益公司

重点词汇

private company私人公司

company with与..一起；和..一起

employs雇用；使用；服务；（employ的复数）；雇佣；（employ的第三人称单数）

most common最常见；大多数常见；最普通

private limited company私人有限公司

operates运转；工作；动手术；使用；经营；营业；采取军事行动；操作；控制；管理；使运行；使使用；(operate的第三人称单数)

public limited company公共股份有限公司

nominal名义上的；极少的；廉价的；标明的；标称的；运行正常的；令人满意的；名词性的；名字的；与名字有关的

clubs俱乐部；社团；夜总会；棍棒；（纸牌的）梅花；（club的复数）；用棍棒打；募集；（club的第三人称单数）；组成俱乐部；集资

charities慈善团体；（charity的复数）

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT 物业管理

In the UK, a property management company is a type of private company set up to retain an interest in a building divided into units.

在英国，物业管理公司是一种私人公司，成立的目的是保留一栋分成单元的建筑的权益。

One typical example is a large house divided into flats, each owned on a lease, for which the company owns the freehold (head lease).

一个典型的例子是分成公寓的大房子，每个公寓都是租赁的，公司拥有该公寓的终身保有权。

重点词汇

property management财产管理；物业管理；产权管理

property management company物业管理公司；地产管理公司；物业公司

a type of一种；一类；一种类型

private company私人公司

typical example典型的例子

large house大房屋；大型住宅

flats公寓；平地；平面；（flat的复数）；使变平；尤指降半音；[音乐]使（音调）下降；（flat的第三人称单数）；逐渐变平；[音乐]以降调唱（或奏）

lease租约；出租；租用

owns拥有；承认；（own的第三人称单数）；属于自己的东西或人；（own的复数）

freehold对土地的终身保有；完全的保有权；对土地的终身保有权；可终身保有的土地；可终身保有的；有终身保有权的